Art Therapy for Relief of Symptoms Associated With Hivaids Aids Care

What is antiretroviral therapy (ART) for homo immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?

Fine art for HIV is typically a combination of three or more different antiretroviral drugs that each target the human immunodeficiency virus at different points in its replication in the body.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a treatment regimen used to reduce the corporeality of the virus in the trunk (viral load). There is no cure for HIV, but antiretroviral therapy can irksome the progress of the infection and reduce the chances of manual to others.

Many classes of HIV antiretroviral drugs act in unlike means to control virus proliferation. Antiretroviral therapy commonly is a combination of iii or more types of medications that target the virus at different stages of its life cycle. Multiple angles of attack improve the chances of reducing the viral load.

Antiretroviral therapy is started immediately subsequently diagnosis of HIV infection to decrease its risk of progression and transmission. HIV antiretroviral therapy regimen is tailored to suit individual requirements based on several factors that include:

• Other diseases or weather of the patient
• Potential interactions with other medications of the patient
• Patient's tolerance to Fine art side effects
• Results of viral drug-resistance tests
• Convenience of the regimen

Antiretroviral therapy is a lifelong treatment, but it can go on HIV-infected people healthy and active for many years. Information technology is important to never stop the medication, even if the viral load drops to undetectable levels. If treatment is interrupted, the virus is more likely to mutate and become drug-resistant.

What is HIV infection?

HIV infection is acquired past a virus that attacks the human allowed system. In one case the HIV enters the bloodstream, it binds to a kind of receptor (CD4) on the surface of the T-cells (as well known as CD4 cells). T-cells are a blazon of white cells (lymphocytes) in the claret that help fight infection.

The virus enters the T-cell and replicates itself, destroying the host cell. Equally a result, the body slowly loses its power to fight infections.

A person contracts an HIV infection past contact with actual fluids such every bit blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or chest milk from an infected person. Primary modes of HIV transmission are:

• Sexual contact
• Sharing needles for injecting drugs
• From mother to the baby during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding

Caused immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurs in the later stages of an HIV infection. When HIV infection progresses to an extent that a person's immune arrangement becomes likewise weak to fight off common infections, the person becomes susceptible to certain cancers and tuberculosis.

At that place are two main types of human being immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1 and HIV-2, and each type has multiple groups and strains of virus. Both HIV infections tin lead to AIDS, but they are different from each other.  HIV-one is the almost common infection constitute worldwide and referred to as HIV. HIV-2 is establish mostly in a small population in West Africa, and in a few people in the United states of america primarily from W Africa.

SLIDESHOW

A Timeline of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic Encounter Slideshow

How effective is Fine art for HIV infection?

Antiretroviral therapy has become significantly advanced with the development of new drugs and drug combinations. With the appearance of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-1 is at present manageable as a chronic disease. Along with ART, adopting safe and good for you lifestyle habits is essential for effective direction of HIV infection.

Though HIV infection cannot exist completely eliminated, antiretroviral therapy tin can

• Control the progression of the infection
• Improve the immune system'due south part
• Reduce HIV infection-related diseases and meliorate longevity and quality of life
• Prevent HIV transmission

How does antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection work?

Antiretroviral therapy works past preventing viral replication in the body. This allows the trunk'southward immune system to recover. ART is a combination of drugs that human activity on the virus in different ways at different stages in its life cycle.

Dissimilar leaner, viruses cannot multiply on their ain. Viruses use the host jail cell'southward genetic machinery to make copies of themselves. Viruses are tiny microbes consisting of but a fleck of genetic textile (DNA or RNA) covered with an envelope (capsid) and a protein with a sugar (glycoprotein) on the surface.

The man immunodeficiency virus is a blazon of RNA virus known equally a retrovirus, named for a special enzyme known as reverse transcriptase. The HIV uses this enzyme to convert its RNA into DNA to fuse with the nucleus of the allowed cells. The life cycle of the HIV is as follows:

• Binding: The HIV uses the glycoprotein to attach itself to the CD4 receptor on the T-prison cell's surface.
• Fusion: The HIV fuses its capsid with the cell membrane and enters the T-cell.
• Reverse transcription: The HIV converts the RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which allows it to enter the host cell'due south nucleus.
• Integration: The HIV cDNA releases an enzyme known as integrase to insert itself into the T-cell'due south Dna chain.
• Replication: The infected DNA makes long chains of HIV proteins which are building blocks for more HIV particles (virions).
• Assembly: The new HIV proteins and HIV RNA motility to the T-jail cell'south surface and assemble into immature (noninfectious) HIV, while the host cell is destroyed.
• Budding: The new HIV virus that comes out of the destroyed T-cell, releases an enzyme known as protease. This enzyme breaks up the long protein bondage and creates mature (infectious) viruses with a capsid and a cadre RNA, which disperse to infect more than T-cells.

The above stages are essential for the HIV to multiply. Each drug in the antiretroviral therapy combination disrupts the HIV's life cycle at a different stage inhibiting its growth. The HIV may mutate and develop drug resistance, in which instance alternate drug combinations volition exist necessary.

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What are the different types of Art for HIV infection?

Antiretroviral therapy drugs are primarily divided into the following classes:

• Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs): Piece of work at the reverse transcription phase by incorporation into the viral cDNA, and stop the Dna germination.
• Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): Work at the opposite transcription stage past inhibiting the release of contrary transcriptase enzyme.
• Protease inhibitors (PIs): Piece of work at the budding stage by binding to the viral protease enzyme and prevent the maturation of the budded virus into infectious virions.
• Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs): Piece of work at the integration phase by blocking the integrase enzyme, without which the HIV cDNA cannot insert itself into the CD4 DNA chain.
• Fusion inhibitors (FIs): Piece of work by preventing the HIV's fusion and entry into the CD4 or whatsoever other immune jail cell.
• Chemokine receptor antagonists (CCR5 antagonists): CCR5 antagonists are also fusion inhibitors which prevent sure strains of virus that enter through the CCR5 receptor, which is another receptor on the T-prison cell surface.
• Post-zipper entry inhibitors: These do not forestall the virus from binding to the CD4 receptor, just block further interaction and entry into the T-cell.
• Pharmacokinetic enhancers: These are drugs which raise the performance of ART drugs by delaying their breakup and making them remain for a longer duration in the trunk.
• Complete regimen combination ARTs: Antiretroviral therapy is also available in stock-still dose, unmarried pill combinations as a complete regimen for people who have difficulty taking several pills.

Art is generally initiated with two NRTIs and a drug from NNRTI, PI or INSTI class. The combination of drugs may exist changed if the patient develops resistance to any of the drugs or is unable to tolerate side furnishings.

QUESTION

What is HIV? See Reply

What are the DHHS guidelines for assistants of Fine art?

An estimated 36.vii one thousand thousand people are infected with HIV worldwide, and 1.1 meg in the Usa. The Usa has about xl,000 new infections occurring each twelvemonth. The U.s. Department of Health and Human Services panel has issued guidelines to tackle the disease, based on results of clinical trials and adept opinions, which are updated on an ongoing footing.

The guidelines recommend the dosages and combination of drugs for different groups of patients such as:

Treatment-naive patients (patients who are treated for the first time)

• Handling-experienced patients
• Regimen modify for whatever reason
• Special groups that include the post-obit:
  • Pregnancy
  • Postexposure prophylaxis (preventive)
  • Preexposure prophylaxis
  • Adolescents
  • Patients with astute HIV infection
  • HIV discordant couples (only 1 amidst the couple has HIV)
  • Patients with coinfections such as
    • Tuberculosis
    • Hepatitis B
    • Hepatitis C

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Summary

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a handling regimen used to reduce the amount of the virus in the trunk (viral load). There is no cure for HIV, but antiretroviral therapy given as a combination of unlike drugs can ho-hum the progress of the infection and reduce the chances of transmission to others.

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Related Disease Conditions

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  HIV Early Signs and Stages

  HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) weakens your immune system. Some people with HIV don't have any symptoms, merely those that do may feel mononucleosis-like or flu-like symptoms. There are 3 stages of HIV.

• 

  What Is the Difference Between HIV-i and HIV-ii?

  There are two main types of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virtually mutual type of HIV and accounts for 95% of all infections, whereas HIV-2 is relatively uncommon and less infectious. HIV-2 is mainly concentrated in Due west Africa, is less deadly and progresses more slowly.

• 

  How Long Can You Live with HIV?

  HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. If someone has HIV information technology means that they have been diagnosed with the HIV infection. AIDS (caused allowed deficiency syndrome); however, is the nearly advanced or final phase of the HIV infection. In the example of an untreated HIV infection, the overall bloodshed rate is more than 90%. The average time from infection to expiry is eight to ten years.

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  HIV and AIDS

  Second Source article from WebMD

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  How Long Does It Take to See Signs of HIV?

  The signs and symptoms of HIV may first appear inside two to four weeks of infection. The stage in which the symptoms announced is called the stage of acute HIV infection. The symptoms appear due to the resistance or fight of the immune system against HIV. Early diagnosis and treatment of HIV gets the best results.

• 

  What Are the Iv Stages of HIV?

  The World Health System (WHO) classifies human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into four stages. Stage 1 (HIV infection): The CD4+ cell count is at least 500 cells per microliter. Stage 2 (HIV infection): The CD4+ cell count is 350 to 499. Stage 3 (avant-garde HIV disease or AHD): The CD4+ cell count is 200 to 349. Stage four (Caused immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]): The CD4+ cell count is less than 200.

• 

  Homo Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

  HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection left untreated causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Still incurable, AIDS describes immune system plummet that opens the way for opportunistic infections and cancers to kill the patient. Early symptoms and signs of HIV infection include flu-like symptoms and fungal infections, but some people may not testify whatever symptoms for years. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (Art) is the standard treatment for HIV infection. These combination drug regimens have made HIV much less deadly, but a cure or vaccine for the pandemic remains out of reach. HIV is usually transmitted through sexual contact or sharing IV drug needles, only tin also infect someone through contact with infected blood. Sexual forbearance, safe sexual practice practices, quitting Iv drugs (or at to the lowest degree using clean needles), and proper safety equipment by clinicians and first responders can drastically reduce transmission rates for HIV/AIDS.

• 

  How Long Does It Accept to Observe Signs of HIV?

  HIV (man immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks and damages the cells of the immune arrangement in the body. If left untreated, HIV tin can pb to the AIDS (caused immunodeficiency syndrome) disease. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection which occurs when the body's allowed organisation is severely damaged because of the virus and unusual infections result. Untreated, HIV infection has a mortality of 90%.

• 

  HIV vs. AIDS

  Human immunodeficiency virus causes HIV infection. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition that results after HIV has extensively damaged a person'south allowed system. Take chances factors for HIV and AIDS include use of contaminated needles or syringes, unprotected sexual practice, STDs, receiving a blood transfusion prior to 1985 in the U.s.a., having many sex partners, and manual from a female parent to her child.

• 

  How Do You lot Feel When You Accept HIV?

  About iv weeks afterward contracting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), you may feel flu-similar symptoms including fever, rash, sore pharynx, nausea, swollen glands and achy joints. You may remain symptomless for some time, however. That doesn't mean you don't need treatment; HIV tin can speedily progress into AIDS, in which the immune system collapses and you dice of a secondary cancer or infection.

• 

  What Is Usually the Start Sign of HIV?

  Homo immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the cells of the allowed organization, leading to AIDS and death if left untreated. The first signs of the human immunodeficiency virus infection are influenza-like symptoms, which mainly start around two to four weeks afterward getting HIV. This stage is known as astute HIV infection.

• 

  HIV/AIDS Testing: Diagnosis and Monitoring

  HIV/AIDS diagnosis and monitoring have come up a long manner from the days when a diagnosis was a death sentence. Crucial parts of the effective handling regimens developed in the final twoscore years are consistent monitoring of the viral load (the amount of virus in the blood), and the immune cell count, which office as biological markers of the illness's progression. Doctors too must exam for drug resistance.

• 

  Can HIV be Cured Naturally?

  HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. If someone has HIV information technology means that they have been diagnosed with the HIV infection. AIDS (caused immune deficiency syndrome); however, is the virtually advanced or final stage of the HIV infection. It is important to get tested for HIV in the early on stages of infection to minimize the damage to the immune organisation. Successful treatment aims to reduce HIV load to a level that is harmless to the body.

• 

  HIV Medications List and Drug Charts

  The ultimate goal of HIV treatment is getting the viral load down below detectable levels. As long as those viral load and antibody levels are beneath a proscribed range, people with HIV can stave off AIDS and other serious symptoms. Antiviral treatment options usually include combinations of two NRTIs, often referred to as "nucs," and a tertiary drug, typically being a additional protease inhibitor, a NNRTI, often chosen "non-nucs," and integrase strand transfer inhibitors.

• 

  HIV/AIDS Facts: What Is HIV?

  HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the precursor infection to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). HIV is transmitted through claret and genital secretions; nigh people get it through sexual contact or sharing needles for illegal Iv drug use. HIV tin can be controlled by a strict drug regimen, but left unchecked, information technology leads to AIDS. In AIDS, the immune system collapses and the body falls casualty to secondary, opportunistic infections and cancers that typically impale the person.

• 

  HIV/AIDS Infection Transmission and Prevention

  HIV (human being immunodeficiency virus) is spread through contact with genital fluids or blood of an infected person. The spread of HIV can occur when these secretions come in contact with tissues such as those lining the vagina, anal area, rima oris, eyes (the fungus membranes), or with a intermission in the skin, such as from a cutting or puncture by a needle.

• 

  When should you get-go HIV medication?

  About anybody who is infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) should start antiviral medication therapy as soon as they are diagnosed. Older guidelines recommended delaying treatment to aid reduce the potential for drug side effects and viral resistance to treatment. Current thinking theorizes that early handling may preserve more of the trunk's immune function.

• 

  What Are the Side Effects of HIV Medications?

  It's important to know the potential side effects of all the drugs you have to control your HIV infection, also every bit potential drug interactions. All of the NNRTIs (nonnucleoside analogue contrary transcriptase inhibitors), for example, are associated with of import drug-drug interactions so they must be used with caution in patients on other medications. Learn more about the side furnishings of the drugs in standard treatment regimens.

Handling & Diagnosis

Medications & Supplements

• What Are NNRTIs In Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection?
• Protease Inhibitors (PI Drug Course)
• Symtuza (darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide)
• Stribild (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)
• Triumeq (abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine)
• Valcyte (valganciclovir hydrochloride)
• Dovato (dolutegravir and lamivudine)
• Prezcobix (darunavir and cobicistat)
• Pifeltro (doravirine)
• Prezista (darunavir)
• Mycobutin (rifabutin)
• Epzicom (abacavir sulfate and lamivudine)
• Trogarzo (ibalizumab-uiyk)
• Side Effects of Trizivir (abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine)

From

Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration

You are encouraged to study negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or phone call i-800-FDA-1088.

Medically Reviewed on 7/6/2020

References

Medscape Medical Reference

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Source: https://www.medicinenet.com/how_effective_is_art_for_hiv_infection/article.htm

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